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Official name: Federal Republic of Somalia
Capital city: Mogadishu
Languages spoken: Somali, Arabic, English, Italian
Population: Around 17 million
Currency: Somali shilling (SOS), US dollar widely used
Time zone: GMT+3
Driving side: Right
Climate: Arid to semi-arid, hot year-round with irregular rainfall
Somalia, on the Horn of Africa, is a country with a long coastline along the Indian Ocean and Gulf of Aden. While it has a rich cultural heritage and diverse landscapes, ongoing conflict and instability mean it is not a mainstream tourist destination.
The security situation remains extremely dangerous. Armed conflict, terrorism, piracy, and kidnapping are serious risks across much of the country, particularly in southern and central regions, including Mogadishu. Travel is strongly discouraged, and foreigners can be targeted. LGBTQIA+ relationships are illegal, and women may face restrictions based on conservative social norms. Visitors should avoid travel unless absolutely essential.
Somalia borders Ethiopia, Kenya, and Djibouti, with the Gulf of Aden to the north and the Indian Ocean to the east. Its landscape features deserts, savannahs, and a long, dry coastline. The Shabelle and Juba rivers are important sources of water in the south.
Mogadishu Aden Adde International Airport (MGQ) is the main point of entry, but flights are limited and security remains volatile. Travel within Somalia is extremely dangerous due to the threat of armed groups and lack of infrastructure. There are very few functioning tourist services.
UK nationals require a visa for Somalia, usually arranged through Somali embassies abroad. The British government does not have an embassy in Mogadishu, and consular support is extremely limited. Travellers should not rely on emergency assistance.
The Somali shilling (SOS) is the official currency, though US dollars are widely used and often preferred. ATMs and card facilities are scarce. Cash is essential for any transactions.
Healthcare facilities are extremely limited, with inadequate equipment and medicine. In the event of a medical emergency, evacuation is usually required. Travellers should have full travel insurance covering high-risk destinations and medical evacuation. Cholera, malaria, and other infectious diseases are widespread. Safe bottled or treated water is essential.
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