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Official name: Bosnia and Herzegovina
Capital city: Sarajevo
Languages spoken: Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian
Population: Around 3.2 million
Currency: Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (BAM)
Time zone: GMT+1
Driving side: Right
Climate: Continental climate with cold winters and hot summers; Mediterranean influence in the south
Bosnia and Herzegovina, often shortened to Bosnia, is a mountainous Balkan country bordered by Croatia, Montenegro, and Serbia. It’s a cultural crossroads of Ottoman, Austro-Hungarian, and Slavic influences, with Sarajevo offering a mix of history, religion, and modern café culture. While reminders of the 1990s conflict remain, the country has rebuilt and now draws visitors for its natural beauty, rich heritage, and warm hospitality.
The Dinaric Alps dominate the landscape, with fertile valleys and rivers including the Sava to the north and the Drina to the east. Bosnia has a short Adriatic coastline at Neum, while most of its land is inland. Winters are harsh in the mountains, while Herzegovina in the south enjoys hot, dry summers and a more Mediterranean feel.
Infrastructure is improving, but roads outside main cities can be narrow and challenging, especially in winter. Driving is on the right. Public transport links major towns by bus and train, though rural areas are harder to reach without a car. Petty theft such as pickpocketing occurs in busy areas, but violent crime is rare. Travellers should be cautious after dark, avoid isolated areas, and be aware that unexploded landmines remain in remote regions - stick to marked paths and paved roads.
British nationals and most European visitors can enter visa-free for up to 90 days within a 180-day period. Passports should be valid for at least three months beyond the intended stay. Longer visits, work, or residency require permission from the Ministry of Security. The Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina in London handles UK enquiries, while the Washington, DC embassy covers the US. Travellers should always check the latest requirements before departure.
The Bosnia and Herzegovina convertible mark (BAM) is pegged to the euro. Euros are widely accepted in tourist areas, though change is usually given in marks. ATMs are common in cities such as Sarajevo and Mostar. Credit cards are accepted in larger hotels, restaurants, and shops, but cash is still preferred in smaller towns and markets.
Healthcare in Sarajevo and other main cities is adequate for routine needs, but rural services are limited. Bring any essential prescriptions, as supplies can be inconsistent. Tap water is generally safe in cities, but bottled water is recommended in rural areas. Tick-borne diseases, including Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis, are present in forested areas - use insect repellent and check for ticks after hiking. Routine vaccinations should be up to date, with hepatitis A and typhoid often recommended. Comprehensive travel insurance with medical cover is strongly advised.
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