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Official name: Turkmenistan
Capital city: Ashgabat
Languages spoken: Turkmen, Russian
Population: Around 6.5 million
Currency: Turkmen manat (TMT)
Time zone: GMT+5
Driving side: Right
Climate: Hot, dry summers and cold winters, with desert heat dominating most of the country
Turkmenistan is one of the least-visited countries in the world, offering surreal sights like the white-marble city of Ashgabat and the famous “Door to Hell” gas crater in Darvaza. Its Silk Road history and desert landscapes attract curious travellers looking for something truly off the beaten path.
Travellers should note that Turkmenistan is tightly controlled, with strict entry requirements and very limited freedom of movement for foreigners. Independent travel is difficult - most visitors must join organised tours. Internet access is heavily restricted, and political discussions should be avoided. Security is generally stable, but the controlled environment can feel restrictive.
Turkmenistan is located in Central Asia, bordered by Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and the Caspian Sea. The Karakum Desert covers most of the country, with only small areas of fertile land along rivers and oases. The Kopet Dag mountains run along the border with Iran, and the Caspian coastline offers fishing and oil industries.
Ashgabat International Airport (ASB) is the main entry point, with limited flights connecting to Istanbul, Dubai, and Moscow. Travel within the country is challenging due to restrictions, and visitors are often accompanied by guides. Highlights include the Darvaza gas crater, the ruins of Merv (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), and the elaborate architecture of Ashgabat. Road conditions outside cities are poor, and checkpoints are common.
UK nationals need a visa to enter Turkmenistan, which requires a letter of invitation approved by the government. Passports should be valid for at least six months. The UK has no embassy in Turkmenistan; consular assistance is provided by the British Embassy in Ashgabat via regional staff, but support is very limited.
The Turkmen manat (TMT) is the official currency. ATMs are rare and unreliable, and international cards are often not accepted. Visitors should bring US dollars in cash, preferably in small denominations and new notes, to exchange at official rates.
Healthcare in Turkmenistan is very limited, with poor facilities and shortages of medicines and equipment. Travellers should not rely on local hospitals for serious conditions. Comprehensive travel insurance with medical evacuation is essential. Tap water is not safe to drink, and bottled water should always be used. The extreme summer heat can also be hazardous, particularly in desert areas, so travellers should take precautions.
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