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Official name: Republic of Kazakhstan
Capital city: Astana
Languages spoken: Kazakh, Russian
Population: Around 20 million
Currency: Kazakhstani tenge (KZT)
Time zone: GMT+5 or +6
Driving side: Right
Climate: Continental, with very cold winters and hot, dry summers
Kazakhstan, the world’s largest landlocked country, is a vast expanse of steppes, deserts, and mountains bridging Europe and Asia. The country has transformed rapidly since independence in 1991, with Astana (renamed from Nur-Sultan in 2022) and Almaty showcasing modern architecture and cultural vibrancy. While politically stable compared with some neighbours, Kazakhstan has experienced occasional unrest, so travellers should keep up to date with FCDO advice.
Kazakhstan shares borders with Russia, China, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, and Turkmenistan. Much of the land is steppe (wide, treeless plains) interspersed with deserts and the mountain ranges of the east and southeast. The Caspian Sea forms its western boundary, giving the country valuable oil and gas resources. Its climate is one of extremes, with bitterly cold winters and sweltering summers across much of the land.
International flights usually arrive in Astana or Almaty. Domestic air travel is common due to the country’s size, and railways also link major towns and cities, though journeys can be long. Buses are affordable but slow, and car hire is possible, though road quality outside cities varies. In cities, taxis and ride-hailing apps are common, though agreeing fares in advance is recommended if using unmetered taxis.
Most visitors, including UK citizens, can enter Kazakhstan visa-free for stays of up to 30 days. Longer visits or work and study placements require a visa. The British Embassy is in Astana, with a Consulate-General in Almaty providing additional support.
The local currency is the tenge (KZT). ATMs are widely available in major cities, and credit cards are accepted in hotels, restaurants, and larger shops. Cash is still important in rural areas. Exchange facilities are easy to find, though US dollars are often the preferred foreign currency.
Healthcare is basic outside the main cities. In Astana and Almaty, private clinics offer better standards and some English-speaking staff. Travel insurance covering evacuation is essential, as serious cases often require transfer to another country. Tap water is not reliable for drinking — bottled water is strongly advised. Vaccinations for hepatitis A, typhoid, and routine boosters should be up to date.
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