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Official name: Republic of Rwanda
Capital city: Kigali
Languages spoken: Kinyarwanda, English, French, Swahili
Population: Around 14 million
Currency: Rwandan franc (RWF)
Time zone: GMT+2
Driving side: Right
Climate: Pleasantly mild year-round thanks to altitude, with two rainy seasons and plenty of sunshine between showers
Rwanda, often referred to as the “Land of a Thousand Hills,” is a small but strikingly beautiful country in East Africa. Its rolling green landscapes, volcanic mountains, and shimmering lakes make it a popular destination for eco-tourism. Rwanda is best known for its mountain gorillas in Volcanoes National Park, alongside its poignant history marked by the 1994 genocide. In the decades since, Rwanda has transformed itself into one of Africa’s most stable and forward-looking nations, with a strong focus on conservation and community development.
Rwanda is landlocked, bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Despite its location near the equator, the country’s high altitude keeps the climate temperate. The Virunga Mountains dominate the northwest, while Lake Kivu provides one of Africa’s great freshwater escapes along the western border.
Kigali International Airport is the main entry point, with direct connections to regional hubs such as Nairobi, Addis Ababa, and Johannesburg. Rwanda’s road network has improved significantly, and travelling between major towns is straightforward by bus or private hire. Domestic flights are limited, but cycling and trekking are increasingly popular ways to explore the country’s varied terrain. Permits are required for gorilla trekking and must be arranged well in advance.
UK nationals require a visa to enter Rwanda, which can be obtained online or on arrival at Kigali International Airport. An East African Tourist Visa, covering Rwanda, Uganda, and Kenya, is also available. The British High Commission is based in Kigali, alongside other foreign diplomatic missions.
The Rwandan franc (RWF) is the local currency. Cash is widely used, though credit and debit cards are increasingly accepted in larger hotels, restaurants, and shops in Kigali. ATMs are available in most towns, but it’s wise to carry smaller denominations for rural areas. The cost of living is relatively affordable compared to many other African destinations.
Rwanda’s healthcare system has improved but remains limited outside major cities. Kigali offers the best facilities, but serious conditions may still require evacuation. Travellers should ensure they have comprehensive travel insurance that includes medical evacuation. Yellow fever vaccination is required for entry, and malaria is present, so prophylaxis is recommended. Tap water is not safe to drink — bottled or filtered water should be used instead.
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