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Official name: Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI)
Capital city: None (uninhabited)
Languages spoken: None (no permanent population)
Population: Uninhabited
Currency: Australian dollar (AUD)
Time zone: GMT+5
Driving side: N/A
Climate: Harsh and sub-Antarctic, with freezing temperatures, high winds, heavy rainfall and frequent storms year-round
Heard Island and McDonald Islands are a remote Australian external territory in the southern Indian Ocean. With no permanent human settlement, they are recognised for their pristine environment, glaciers, and unique wildlife, earning UNESCO World Heritage status. These islands are some of the most isolated places on Earth, visited only occasionally by research expeditions.
The islands lie roughly two-thirds of the way between Madagascar and Antarctica. Heard Island is dominated by Big Ben, an active volcanic massif topped by Mawson Peak, Australia’s highest mountain (2,745m). The McDonald Islands, much smaller, also show recent volcanic activity. The territory has no ports or infrastructure, and access is only possible by ship in extreme weather conditions.
There is no tourism industry on Heard or McDonald Islands. Visits are extremely rare and require special permits from the Australian Antarctic Division. Expeditions usually depart from Australia and can take weeks by sea. Travel is limited to scientific and environmental purposes, with strict biosecurity rules to protect the islands’ untouched ecosystems.
As the islands are Australian territory, entry is governed by Australian law. Permits are required for all visitors, typically granted only for scientific research. There are no embassies or consular services on the islands. The nearest Australian diplomatic support is available in Mauritius or mainland Australia.
The Australian dollar (AUD) is the official currency, though there are no shops, banks, or commercial services on the islands. All expeditions must be entirely self-sufficient.
There are no medical facilities on Heard or McDonald Islands. Expeditions must bring their own medical staff and supplies, and emergency evacuation would require a long and difficult sea journey. The environment itself presents significant risks, including extreme cold, isolation, and treacherous seas. Comprehensive insurance and preparation are essential.
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