Gabon
Ruled by autocratic presidents since independence from France in 1960, Gabon introduced a multiparty system and a new constitution in the early 1990s that allowed for a more transparent electoral process and for reforms of governmental institutions. A small population, abundant natural resources, and foreign private investment have helped make Gabon one of the more prosperous black African countries.
Since independence from France in 1960 Gabon has had just two presidents, with the incumbent, Omar Bongo, in power since 1967 and last re-elected in 1998 to another 7-year term. When oil prices began to fall in the late 1980s, opposition to President Bongo increased, culminating in demonstrations in 1990. These ushered in political liberalization, and in 1991 a new constitution was adopted instituting a multiparty system.
Gabon's economy relies heavily on exports of crude oil, which account for about 81% of total export revenues, almost 60% of government revenues, and over 40% of gross domestic product (GDP). Timber products typically have been Gabon's second largest export, comprising around 12% of total exports and about 5% of GDP. Exports of manganese also contribute significantly to Gabon's GDP, although uranium mining and export have ceased.
There are currently no known threats to travelers to or expatriate residents in Gabon, one of West Africa's more stable countries, Gabon boasts the highest income per capita in the region thanks to its oil wealth, which accounts for 80% of exports.
Nevertheless, unrest in Gabon does occur from time-to-time. In June 2001, jobless workers brought Gabon’s economic and oil capital Port-Gentil to a halt by setting fire to buildings in a protest over high unemployment that left at least one dead, witnesses said. The riots followed several peaceful demonstrations in the city, where high unemployment has been exacerbated by the decision of some oil companies to move their headquarters elsewhere.
